I will use the separation of functions as given by Leppla (2003) and use the following slightly modified definitions: Definitions of quality control used for microbials will preferably be similar to the ones used for natural enemies and other beneficial biocontrol agents, for the sake of convenience. Most papers dealing with quality control focus their comments to end-use product control, while aspects of process control are frequently included. Few authors extensively treat quality control in its entirety. In the field of microbial pesticides, however, clear definitions are lacking. In quality control of natural enemies, Leppla (2003) distinguished three functions: production, process and product control. A brief historical overview on the development of quality control for beneficial insects is provided by Leppla (2008). For an overview of quality control matters regarding mass-reared sterile insects I refer the reader to Boller and Chambers (1977), and for arthropod natural enemies to Van Lenteren (2003a). In biocontrol, quality control has received much attention in the field of sterile insect technology and in arthropod natural enemies. Thus, each industry must define quality control precisely. Quality control is performed in all manufacturing fields, but interpreted differently. (4) product performance meets the end-user's perception of quality in relation to price, and leads to repeat purchases of the product.
(3) end-use products meet criteria set by registration authorities and that (2) there is consistency between production runs and products (1) properties of incoming raw materials comply with the manufacturer's specifications Of Microbial Pest Control Products for Control of Arthropods, Progress in Biological Control 10, DOI 10.1007/978-9-4_4, © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. Ravensberg, A Roadmap to the Successful Development and Commercialization 129 In general, quality control objectives are to ensure that: Quality control does not only refer to the final end-use product, but also to the production and the production processes. Quality control (QC) is therefore of paramount importance in order to ensure that products are delivered that comply with pre-determined specifications and deliver the efficacy within the prescribed conditions for use. 1 Introductionīiopesticides are often criticized for their variable performance and lack of reliability. A list of benefits of quality control is provided which illustrates that both the biocontrol industry and its customers benefit from proper quality control. Biocontrol companies should ensure that the whole chain is well aware of quality issues and that those involved act accordingly. Total quality control covers all aspects of quality, including the field use of a biopesticides. Quality control must ensure that end-users receive high quality products. Research needs are identified that may facilitate quality control in the future. Recommendations for standardization and criteria will be provided. Natural variation makes efficacy testing via bio-assays difficult, and setting an internal standard is required. Practical challenges in quality control procedures are reviewed per type of pathogen. Complete quality control procedures and data for validation must be established, although there are no officially recognized criteria. Registration requirements in terms of quality control are reviewed. Products must meet product specifications, which are set by the manufacturer, until the end of the claimed shelf-life. Product control refers to the quality of the final product that leaves the factory and which needs to perform according to registration and customer satisfaction requirements. The first two refer to internal quality control of the production of a microbial pest control product, and ensure a stable production process with a minimum of failures. Abstract Quality control can de divided in production control, process control, and product control.